What is electromagnetic induction ? Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction

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 When a magnet is moved near a coil, an electric field (called electromotive force  or e.m.f) is induced across the coil, the process of such induction of electric force due to magnet is known as electromagnetic induction.

This amazing phenomenon was first discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. He observed that the e.m.f thus induced is directed opposite to direction of motion of the magnet. It was also proved that the e.m.f is induced when the magnet is kept stationary at a place and the coil is moved towards or way from the magnet. 

Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction: 

There are two statements of Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.

1. First Statement(First Law):

According to Faraday's first law of electromagnetic induction, an e.m.f is induced in the circuit/coil, whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux linked to the circuit/coil. The generation of electromotive force in the circuit/coil exists as long as there exists the change in the flux linked to it. 

2. Second Statement(Second Law):

According to second law of Faraday's electromagnetic induction, the magnitude of induced e.m.f in  a circuit/coil is directly proportional to the time rate of change of magnetic flux linked to the circuit/coil. 

That is,  `e.m.f.(E)  \prop  \frac{d \Phi}{dt}  ............(1)`

Where `d \Phi` is the change in magnetic flux with respect to time increment dt. 


The direction of induced e.m.f is given by Lentz's Law which states that the direction of induced e.m.f in a coil or circuit is such that it always opposes the cause of it.  
Removing proportionality sign in (1), we get
`e.m.f(E) = - \frac{d \Phi}{dt} ..........................(2)`
The  negative sign indicates the opposing nature of induced e.m.f to it's cause.

The dynamo is an electric device that produces electric current based on principle of electromagnetic induction.

👉 Click on link for NEB grade 12  physics numerical problem-solutions:- LINK

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